Abstract

Research Article

Improvements in the Subjective Sleep of Japanese Middle-aged Managers from the Consumption of an Edible Film Containing Crocetin

Yusuke Osuka, Hirofumi Masutomi*, Shuji Nakamura, Chiemi Tanigawa, Katsuyuki Ishihara, Masashi Yanagisawa and Toshio Kokubo

Published: 13 November, 2023 | Volume 7 - Issue 1 | Pages: 088-096

It has been reported that Japanese people sleep for an average of 7 hours and 22 minutes per night, with those in their 40s and 50s sleeping the least. This is much less than in other developed countries. Aging has also been reported to decrease the total sleep time and sleep latency as well as increase wake after sleep onset (WASO). Crocetin is a carotenoid with antioxidant activity. It has been reported that 14 consecutive days of crocetin intake increases delta power during sleep and decreases WASO. However, the benefits of short-term ingestion have not been clarified. In this double-blind, randomized crossover study, we examined the effects of crocetin-containing edible films consumed for seven consecutive days on the sleep quality of healthy Japanese subjects working in management positions who were aged 45 years or older.
The study participants comprised 20 subjects (12 males and 8 females; mean age 50.4 ± 4.8 years; body mass index (BMI) 22.5 ± 2.7). An electroencephalography (EEG) measuring device (InSomnograf®) was used to measure sleep objectively and a questionnaire, OSA Sleep Questionnaire MA version (OSA-MA) was used to assess sleep subjectively upon waking. The crocetin group demonstrated significantly higher values of OSA-MA Factor 3 (frequent dreaming) than the placebo group (placebo: 46.8 ± 6.9; crocetin: 49.5 ± 7.4). No differences were observed for the other four factors. No differences were observed in the sleep parameters determined with InSomnograf®.
Our findings suggest a new effect of crocetin on sleep quality of frequent dreaming.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.afns.1001054 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Crocetin; OSA-MA; InSomnograf®; Sleep quality; Frequent dreaming

References

  1. Kim K, Uchiyama M, Okawa M, Doi Y, Oida T, Minowa M, Ogihara R. Lifestyles and sleep disorders among the Japanese adult population. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Apr;53(2):269-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00547.x. PMID: 10459708.
  2. Furihata R, Uchiyama M, Takahashi S, Suzuki M, Konno C, Osaki K, Konno M, Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Akahoshi T, Hashimoto S, Akashiba T. The association between sleep problems and perceived health status: a Japanese nationwide general population survey. Sleep Med. 2012 Aug;13(7):831-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.03.011. Epub 2012 May 19. PMID: 22609021.
  3. Baglioni C, Battagliese G, Feige B, Spiegelhalder K, Nissen C, Voderholzer U, Lombardo C, Riemann D. Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. J Affect Disord. 2011 Dec;135(1-3):10-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011. Epub 2011 Feb 5. PMID: 21300408.
  4. St-Onge MP. The role of sleep duration in the regulation of energy balance: effects on energy intakes and expenditure. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Jan 15;9(1):73-80. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.2348. PMID: 23319909; PMCID: PMC3525993.
  5. Pase MP, Himali JJ, Grima NA, Beiser AS, Satizabal CL, Aparicio HJ, Thomas RJ, Gottlieb DJ, Auerbach SH, Seshadri S. Sleep architecture and the risk of incident dementia in the community. Neurology. 2017 Sep 19;89(12):1244-1250. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004373. Epub 2017 Aug 23. PMID: 28835407; PMCID: PMC5606917.
  6. Chen Y, Tan F, Wei L, Li X, Lyu Z, Feng X, Wen Y, Guo L, He J, Dai M, Li N. Sleep duration and the risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis including dose-response relationship. BMC Cancer. 2018 Nov 21;18(1):1149. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-5025-y. PMID: 30463535; PMCID: PMC6249821.
  7. Shinto T, Tahara Y, Watabe A, Makino N, Tomonaga M, Kimura H, Nozawa Y, Kobayashi K, Takahashi M, Shibata S. Interaction effects of sex on the sleep loss and social jetlag-related negative mood in Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Adv. 2022 Sep 21;3(1):zpac035. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac035. PMID: 37193406; PMCID: PMC10104387.
  8. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Report on the results of the Health Status Survey 2021. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/wp/wp-hw14/index.html
  9. Mander BA, Winer JR, Walker MP. Sleep and Human Aging. Neuron. 2017 Apr 5;94(1):19-36. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.004. PMID: 28384471; PMCID: PMC5810920.
  10. Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep. 2004 Nov 1;27(7):1255-73. doi: 10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255. PMID: 15586779.
  11. Boulos MI, Jairam T, Kendzerska T, Im J, Mekhael A, Murray BJ. Normal polysomnography parameters in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2019 Jun;7(6):533-543. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30057-8. Epub 2019 Apr 18. PMID: 31006560.
  12. Floyd JA, Janisse JJ, Marshall Medler S, Ager JW. Nonlinear components of age-related change in sleep initiation. Nurs Res. 2000 Sep-Oct;49(5):290-4. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200009000-00008. PMID: 11009124.
  13. Hirasawa H, Atsumi Y. [Polysomnographic changes in normal human aging]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 1997 Jun;34(6):453-60. Japanese. doi: 10.3143/geriatrics.34.453. PMID: 9301259.
  14. Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. Basic Survey on Wage Structure 2022. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/chinginkouzou.html.
  15. Nakata A, Haratani T, Kawakami N, Miki A, Kurabayashi L, Shimizu H. Sleep problems in white-collar male workers in an electric equipment manufacturing company in Japan. Ind Health. 2000 Jan;38(1):62-8. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.38.62. PMID: 10680312.
  16. Boyce CJ, Oswald AJ. Do people become healthier after being promoted? Health Econ. 2012 May;21(5):580-96. doi: 10.1002/hec.1734. Epub 2011 Apr 19. PMID: 21506192.
  17. Sekine M, Chandola T, Martikainen P, Marmot M, Kagamimori S. Work and family characteristics as determinants of socioeconomic and sex inequalities in sleep: The Japanese Civil Servants Study. Sleep. 2006 Feb;29(2):206-16. doi: 10.1093/sleep/29.2.206. PMID: 16494089.
  18. Kuratsune H, Umigai N, Takeno R, Kajimoto Y, Nakano T. Effect of crocetin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis on sleep: a pilot study. Phytomedicine. 2010 Sep;17(11):840-3. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.025. PMID: 20537515.
  19. Umigai N, Takeda R, Mori A. Effect of crocetin on quality of sleep: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Dec;41:47-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.003. Epub 2018 Sep 8. PMID: 30477864.
  20. Kessler RC, Andrews G, Colpe LJ, Hiripi E, Mroczek DK, Normand SL, Walters EE, Zaslavsky AM. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychol Med. 2002 Aug;32(6):959-76. doi: 10.1017/s0033291702006074. PMID: 12214795.
  21. Furukawa TA, Kawakami N, Saitoh M, Ono Y, Nakane Y, Nakamura Y, Tachimori H, Iwata N, Uda H, Nakane H, Watanabe M, Naganuma Y, Hata Y, Kobayashi M, Miyake Y, Takeshima T, Kikkawa T. The performance of the Japanese version of the K6 and K10 in the World Mental Health Survey Japan. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2008;17(3):152-8. doi: 10.1002/mpr.257. PMID: 18763695; PMCID: PMC6878390.
  22. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):540-5. doi: 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540. PMID: 1798888.
  23. Takegami M, Suzukamo Y, Wakita T, Noguchi H, Chin K, Kadotani H, Inoue Y, Oka Y, Nakamura T, Green J, Johns MW, Fukuhara S. Development of a Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS) based on item response theory. Sleep Med. 2009 May;10(5):556-65. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2008.04.015. Epub 2008 Sep 27. PMID: 18824408.
  24. Soldatos CR, Dikeos DG, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. J Psychosom Res. 2000 Jun;48(6):555-60. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7. PMID: 11033374.
  25. Okajima I, Nakajima S, Kobayashi M, Inoue Y. Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Sep;67(6):420-5. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12073. Epub 2013 Aug 5. PMID: 23910517.
  26. Seol J, Lee J, Park I, Tokuyama K, Fukusumi S, Kokubo T, Yanagisawa M, Okura T. Bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep in older adults: a multilevel analysis using polysomnography. Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 13;12(1):15399. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19841-x. PMID: 36100642; PMCID: PMC9470065.
  27. Yamamoto YTM, Yamazaki K, Shirakawa S, Azumi K. Standardization of revised version of OSA sleep inventory for middle age and aged. Brain Sci Mental Disorders. 1999; 10:401-9.
  28. Okajima I, Miyamoto T, Ubara A, Omichi C, Matsuda A, Sumi Y, Matsuo M, Ito K, Kadotani H. Evaluation of Severity Levels of the Athens Insomnia Scale Based on the Criterion of Insomnia Severity Index. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 26;17(23):8789. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238789. PMID: 33256097; PMCID: PMC7730071.
  29. Isojima MKR, Takahashi M, Kiyotaki S, Fukuda M, Mizukoshi M, Araki H, Oshima Y, Iida D, Tanaka K. Effects of coaching skills training by occupational health staff on improving managers’ communication behavior: a randomized controlled trial. Kitasato Medical Society. 2018; 48(2):96-104.
  30. Shiraki N, Doki S, Ikeda Y, Ikeda T, Takahashi T, Andrea CS, Hori D, Oi Y, Sasahara SI, Matsuzaki I. Differences in psychological distress between managers and non-managers in female workers: a cross-sectional study in Tsukuba Science City, Japan. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2021 Feb;83(1):63-74. doi: 10.18999/nagjms.83.1.63. PMID: 33727738; PMCID: PMC7938094.
  31. Tanaka H, Nusselder WJ, Bopp M, Brønnum-Hansen H, Kalediene R, Lee JS, Leinsalu M, Martikainen P, Menvielle G, Kobayashi Y, Mackenbach JP. Mortality inequalities by occupational class among men in Japan, South Korea and eight European countries: a national register-based study, 1990-2015. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019 Aug;73(8):750-758. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-211715. Epub 2019 May 29. PMID: 31142611; PMCID: PMC6678055.
  32. Umeda M, McMunn A, Cable N, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Marmot M. Does an advantageous occupational position make women happier in contemporary Japan? Findings from the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial Factors Related Equity (J-HOPE). SSM Popul Health. 2015 Oct 26;1:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2015.09.002. PMID: 29349116; PMCID: PMC5757939.
  33. Slavish DC, Asbee J, Veeramachaneni K, Messman BA, Scott B, Sin NL, Taylor DJ, Dietch JR. The Cycle of Daily Stress and Sleep: Sleep Measurement Matters. Ann Behav Med. 2021 May 6;55(5):413-423. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaaa053. PMID: 32756869; PMCID: PMC8248482.
  34. Watanabe MTK, Takahashi M, Aramaki N, Horie H, Saito J. Effect of Intake of Jelly Compounded with 3,5—dihydroxy—4—methoxybenzyl Alcohol(DHMBA)—containing Supernatant Extracted from Soft Tissue of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)on Fatigue in Healthy Middle—aged Men and Women ―Randomized, Double—blind, Placebo—controlled, Comparative Study―. Japanese Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2018; 46(3):383-91.
  35. Watanabe M KK, Yoshiike K, Aramaki N. The effects of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA)-containing fraction isolated from soft tissue of the Pacific oyster (Crassostea gigas) on sleep electroencephalogram in stressed rats. The journal of Japan Mibyou Association. 2021; 27(1):1-8.
  36. Shen XC, Qian ZY. Effects of crocetin on antioxidant enzymatic activities in cardiac hypertrophy induced by norepinephrine in rats. Pharmazie. 2006 Apr;61(4):348-52. PMID: 16649553.
  37. Watanabe S, Li YS, Kawasaki Y, Kawai K. [Workers' Lifestyles and Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as an Oxidative Stress Marker]. J UOEH. 2019;41(4):431-436. Japanese. doi: 10.7888/juoeh.41.431. PMID: 31866661.
  38. Takaki J. Associations of job stress indicators with oxidative biomarkers in Japanese men and women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Dec 2;10(12):6662-71. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10126662. PMID: 24317383; PMCID: PMC3881133.
  39. Andersson IJ, Sankaralingam S, Davidge ST. Restraint stress up-regulates lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in aorta of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Stress. 2010 Sep;13(5):454-60. doi: 10.3109/10253891003758901. PMID: 20666645.
  40. Kang DH, McCarthy DO. The effect of psychological stress on neutrophil superoxide release. Res Nurs Health. 1994 Oct;17(5):363-70. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770170507. PMID: 8090947.
  41. Rainnie DG, Grunze HC, McCarley RW, Greene RW. Adenosine inhibition of mesopontine cholinergic neurons: implications for EEG arousal. Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):689-92. doi: 10.1126/science.8303279. Erratum in: Science 1994 Jul 1;265(5168):16. PMID: 8303279; PMCID: PMC3612520.
  42. Asai A, Nakano T, Takahashi M, Nagao A. Orally administered crocetin and crocins are absorbed into blood plasma as crocetin and its glucuronide conjugates in mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Sep 7;53(18):7302-6. doi: 10.1021/jf0509355. PMID: 16131146.
  43. Shah KA, Li G, Song L, Gao B, Huang L, Luan D, Iqbal H, Cao Q, Menaa F, Lee BJ, Alnasser SM, Alshahrani SM, Cui J. Rizatriptan-Loaded Oral Fast Dissolving Films: Design and Characterizations. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Dec 1;14(12):2687. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122687. PMID: 36559181; PMCID: PMC9780891.

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?