Abstract

Thesis

Impact of Moringa oleifera Leaf Flour supplement on Weight Gain in Moderately Acutely Malnourished Children in Benin

Laleye Flora Tinouade Founmilayo* and Fanou Fogny Nadia and Kayode Polycarpe

Published: 10 August, 2023 | Volume 7 - Issue 1 | Pages: 070-077

In developing countries, malnutrition represents a public health problem, which affects many children under five, during their complementary feeding period. One way to overcome this problem is through the supplementation of complementary flours with locally available food resources, such as Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL). An experimental study was conducted from June through November 2019 in the southern-Benin, with moderately acutely malnourished (MAM) children, using a porridge made of a mixture of corn, malted sorghum, soybean, peanut, milk, and moringa leaf powder. A total of 150 MAM children aged 12-59 months were recruited and divided into two groups, an intervention group (48) and a control group (75). The intervention group received the test food, a porridge made of maize flour supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf flour (MOL-flour), at least 5 times/week for 6 months. The control group, whose mothers received nutritional education sessions on food diversification as well as the different ways of preparing MOL meals. Sensory evaluation, anthropometric and dietary diversity data were collected. Z-scores Weight/Height, Weight/Age et Height/Age were determined before and right after the intervention. Results showed that 70% of the children and more than 75% of the mothers assessed the porridge as palatable. A significant average weight gain of 1.720 g 
(p < 0.005) was observed in the intervention group at the end of the experimentation, with a reduction of the prevalence of underweight by 1,33% (p > 0.05), and the number of acute Malnutrition children by 10,42% (p < 0.005).

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.afns.1001052 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Anthropometric; Children under five; Complementary food; Moderately acute malnutrition; Moringa oleifera leaf flour; Nutrition education

References

  1. Ngo J, Serra-Majem L. Hunger and Malnutrition. Reference Module in Food Science. 2018.
  2. The Republic of Mozambique multisectorial plan for chronic malnutrition reduction in Mozambique list of abbreviations and acronyms. 2020; 2014 (July 2010).
  3. National Institute of Statistics and Economic Analysis (INSAE), World Food Program, Unicef ​​ and FAO. Global Analysis of Vulnerability, Food Security and Nutrition (AGVSAN), 2009; 168.
  4. National Institute of Statistics and Economic Analysis (INSAE) and I. Demographic and Health Survey of Benin 2011-2012. Calverton, Maryland, USA Insa ICF Int. 2013.
  5. Kennedy GL, CARI, IPC, Derrickson JP, Fisher AG, Anderson JEL. The CARI and the IPC. The Journal of Nutrition. 2015; 18: 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9627-7%0Ahttp://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.001
  6. Shaheen R, Streatfield PK, Naved RT, Lindholm L, Persson LA. Equity in adherence to and effect of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on child mortality: results from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jan 7;14:5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-5. PMID: 24393610; PMCID: PMC3893435.
  7. Svefors P, Selling KE, Shaheen R, Khan AI, Persson LÅ, Lindholm L. Cost-effectiveness of prenatal food and micronutrient interventions on under-five mortality and stunting: Analysis of data from the MINIMat randomized trial, Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 15;13(2):e0191260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191260. PMID: 29447176; PMCID: PMC5814099.
  8. Allen L, De Benoist B, Dary O, Hurrell R. Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients. 2006; 341. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guide_food_fortification_micronutrients.pdf
  9. Bello A, Gernah D, Ariahu C. Physico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Complementary Foods from Blends of Malted and Non-Malted Sorghum, Soybean and Moringa Oleifera Seed Flours. Am J Food Sci Technol. 2020; 8:1–13.
  10. Black RE, Makrides M, Ong KK. Complementary Feeding: Building the Foundations of Healthy Life. Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshops Series. Basel, Switzerland, Karger; Vevey, Nestlé: Switzerland. 2017;
  11. Shiriki D, Igyor M, Gernah D. Nutritional Evaluation of Complementary Food Formulations from Maize, Soybean and Peanut Fortified with Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder. Food Nutr Sci. 2015; 6:494–500.
  12. Boateng L, Quarpong W, Ohemeng A, Asante M, Steiner-Asiedu M. Effect of complementary foods fortified with Moringa oleiferaleaf powder on hemoglobin concentration and growth of infants in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Food Sci Nutr. 2018 Nov 20;7(1):302-311. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.890. PMID: 30680185; PMCID: PMC6341130.
  13. Awogbenja M, Osundahunsi O, Fagbemi T. Chemical Functional and Sensory Properties of Complementary Diets from Blends of Fermented Millet (Penniselum glaucum) with Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) and Moringa oleifera Seed Flours. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care. 2020; (6):97–105.
  14. Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group; Group members:; Black RE, Alderman H, Bhutta ZA, Gillespie S, Haddad L, Horton S, Lartey A, Mannar V, Ruel M, Victora CG, Walker SP, Webb P. Maternal and child nutrition: building momentum for impact. Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):372-375. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60988-5. Epub 2013 Jun 6. PMID: 23746778.
  15. Kouton S, Hounkpatin W, Ballogou V, Lokonon J, Soumanou M. Characterization of the diet of young children aged 6 to 36 months in rural and urban areas of southern Benin. J Appl Biosci. 2017; 110(1):10831-10840.
  16. Multisectoral Food, Health and Nutrition Project. 2014.
  17. Haider BA, Bhutta ZA. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 13;4(4):CD004905. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004905.pub5. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 14;3:CD004905. PMID: 28407219; PMCID: PMC6478115.
  18. Palmese F, Bolondi I, Giannone FA, Zaccherini G, Tufoni M, Baldassarre M, Caraceni P. The Analysis of Food Intake in Patients with Cirrhosis Waiting for Liver Transplantation: A Neglected Step in the Nutritional Assessment. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 15;11(10):2462. doi: 10.3390/nu11102462. PMID: 31618837; PMCID: PMC6836082.
  19. Srikanth V, Mangala S, Subrahmanyam G. Improvement of Protein Energy Malnutrition by Nutritional Intervention with Moringa Oleifera among Anganwadi Children in Rural Area in Bangalore, India. Int J Sci Study. 2014; 2.
  20. Dekpemadoha J, Idohou R, Adjadogbedji-Avouzoukan S, Kayode A, Hounhouigan D. Chadaré FJ, Madode YE, Fanou-Fogny N, Ayosso JO, Sacla Aidé E. Nutritional choice guide for local food resources (RAL) in the agro-ecological zones (ZAE) of Benin. Cotonou, Benin. 2017.
  21. Putra A, Setiawan N, Sanjiwani M. Nutrigenomic and Biomolecular Aspect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder as Supplementation for Stunting Children. J Trop Biodivers Biotechnol. 2021; 26.
  22. Oyeyinka A, Oyeyinka S. Moringa oleifera as a food fortificant: Recent trends and prospects. Review article. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 2018; 17: 127-136.
  23. Houndji S, Bodjrenou F, Londji S. Improvement of the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 30 months in Lissèzoun (Centre-Benin) using Moringa oleifera leaf powder (Lam.). Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2013; (7):225–35.
  24. Houessou A. Formulation and characterization of infant flours enriched with Moringa oleifera leaf powder: optimization of the nutritional and microbiological value and evaluation of the sensory attributes of the products. MSc, University of Abomey-calavi. 2018; 43.
  25. Ndong M, Wade S, Dossou N, Diagne R. Nutritional value of Moringa oleifera, study of iron bioavailability, effect of enriching various traditional Senegalese dishes with leaf powder. Developing African leafy vegetables for improved nutrition. 2005;
  26. Tété-Bénissan A, Quashie M, Lawson-Evi K, Kokou K, Gbeassor M. Nutritional recovery in HIV-positive and HIV-negative malnourished subjects after using Moringa oleifera leaves. J Anim &Plant Sci. 2012; 15(2):2184-99.
  27. Zongo U, Zoungrana S, Savadogo A, Traoré A. Nutritional and clinical rehabilitation of severely malnourished children with Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf powder in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Food Nutr Sci. 2013; 4(09):991.
  28. Gopalakrishnan L, Doriyaa K, Kumara D. Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Science and Human Wellness. 2016;(5):49–56.
  29. Agossadou J, Chadare F, Nago E. Effect of consumption of foods fortified with baobab fruit pulp and moringa leaf powder on the nutritional status of children. Ruforum Work Doc Ser. 2016; 14:979–88.
  30. Adetola O, Onabanjo O, Stark A. The search for sustainable solutions: Producing a sweet potato-based complementary food rich in vitamin A, zinc, and iron for infants in developing countries Scientific African. 2020;8.
  31. Global Analysis of Vulnerability, Food Security and Nutrition (AGVSA) in Benin. 2017;
  32. ICF National Institute of Statistics and Economic Analysis (INSAE) and Demographic and Health Survey in Benin, 2017-2018. Cotonou, Bénin Rockville, Maryland, USA Insa ICF. 2019;
  33. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009 Nov;41(4):1149-60. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149. PMID: 19897823.
  34. Balkin R, Sheperis C. Evaluating and Reporting Statistical Power in Counseling Research. Journal of Counseling & Development. 2011; 89.
  35. Madrelle J, Lange C, Boutrolle I, Valade O, Weenen H, Monnery-Patris S, Issanchou S, Nicklaus S. Development of a new in-home testing method to assess infant food liking. Appetite. 2017 Jun 1;113:274-283. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.002. Epub 2017 Mar 6. PMID: 28274649.
  36. Training course on child growth assessment. WHO Child Growth Standards. Facilitator's Manual. 2008;
  37. Child Growth Standards : World Health Organization/Nutrition for Health and Development/Sustainable Development and Healthy Environmental. Organ Mond la Santé, Washington, DC. 2006;
  38. Tahiliani P, Kar A. Role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status in adult male and female rats. Pharmacol Res. 2000 Mar;41(3):319-23. doi: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0587. PMID: 10675284.
  39. Development and evaluation of the quality of an infant flour supplement with high nutritional density from local food resources. Thesis for obtaining the Master's degree in agronomic sciences, option Sciences and Technology. 2016;
  40. Drake LJ, Lazrak N, Fernandes M, Chu K, Singh S, Ryckembusch D, Nourozi S, Bundy DAP, Burbano C. Establishing Global School Feeding Program Targets: How Many Poor Children Globally Should Be Prioritized, and What Would Be the Cost of Implementation? Front Public Health. 2020 Dec 2;8:530176. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.530176. PMID: 33344395; PMCID: PMC7738473.
  41. Darnton-Hill I, Mkparu UC. Micronutrients in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries. Nutrients. 2015 Mar 10;7(3):1744-68. doi: 10.3390/nu7031744. PMID: 25763532; PMCID: PMC4377879.
  42. Harika R, Faber M, Samuel F, Kimiywe J, Mulugeta A, Eilander A. Micronutrient Status and Dietary Intake of Iron, Vitamin A, Iodine, Folate and Zinc in Women of Reproductive Age and Pregnant Women in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa: A Systematic Review of Data from 2005 to 2015. Nutrients. 2017 Oct 5;9(10):1096. doi: 10.3390/nu9101096. PMID: 28981457; PMCID: PMC5691713.
  43. Phillips EA, Comeau DL, Pisa PT, Stein AD, Norris SA. Perceptions of diet, physical activity, and obesity-related health among black daughter-mother pairs in Soweto, South Africa: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2016 Aug 9;16:750. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3436-8. PMID: 27506678; PMCID: PMC4977727.
  44. Razafindrazaka R. Development and evaluation of a strategy to improve complementary feeding of young children in Brickaville (East Coast of Madagascar). Doctoral thesis, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar. 2006;
  45. Torrico D, Sharma C, Dong W. Virtual reality environments on the sensory acceptability and emotional responses of no- and full-sugar chocolate. LWT-.Food Sci Technol. 2020.

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 1

Figure 3

Figure 1

Figure 4

Figure 1

Figure 5

Figure 1

Figure 6

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?